如何在 AlmaLinux 8 上安装 Laravel

Linux命令3年前 (2022)发布 AI观察员

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Laravel 是一个 PHP Web 应用程序框架，具有富有表现力、优雅的语法。它具有精炼、简单和可读的语法，用于从头开始开发现代、健壮和强大的应用程序。Laravel 提供了强大的功能，包括 Artisan、MVC 架构、对象关系映射、模板引擎、单元测试和数据库迁移系统。如何在 AlmaLinux 8 上安装 Laravel

在 AlmaLinux 8 上安装 Laravel

第 1 步。首先，让我们首先确保您的系统是最新的。

sudo dnf clean all
sudo dnf install epel-release
sudo dnf update

步骤 2. 安装 LEMP 服务器。

需要 AlmaLinux LEMP 服务器。如果您没有安装 LEMP，您可以在此处按照我们的指南进行操作。

步骤 3. 安装 Composer。

现在我们使用以下命令安装 Composer（PHP 的依赖管理器）来安装所需的 Laravel 依赖项：

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/composer

验证 Composer 版本：

composer --version

步骤 4. 在 AlmaLinux 8 上安装 Laravel。

默认情况下，Laravel 在 AlmaLinux 8 基础存储库中不可用。现在我们运行以下命令来使用 Composer 安装 Laravel：

cd /var/www/html/
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel laravel

我们将需要更改一些文件夹权限：

chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/html/laravel/
chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/html/laravel/storage/
chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/html/laravel/bootstrap/cache/
chmod -R 0777 /var/www/html/laravel/storage/
chmod -R 0775 /var/www/html/laravel/bootstrap/cache/

步骤 5. 配置 Nginx。

现在我们为 Laravel 创建一个 Nginx 配置文件：

nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/laravel.conf

添加以下行：

server {
       listen 80;
       server_name laravel.your-domain.com;
       root        /var/www/html/laravel/public;
       index       index.php;
       charset utf-8;
       gzip on;
	gzip_types text/css application/javascript text/javascript application/x-javascript  image/svg+xml text/plain text/xsd text/xsl text/xml image/x-icon;
        location / {
        	try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        }

        location ~ \.php {
                include fastcgi.conf;
                fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
                fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
        }
        location ~ /\.ht {
                deny all;
        }
}

保存并关闭文件，然后重新启动 Apache 服务以使更改生效：

sudo systemctl restart php-fpm
sudo systemctl restart nginx

步骤 5. 配置防火墙。

AlmaLinux 默认启用了 firewalld，它会阻止来自其他试图访问我们 Laravel 服务的计算机的其他连接。我们必须打开适当的端口，以便其他机器可以访问 Laravel 资源：

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

步骤 6. 使用 Let’s Encrypt SSL 免费证书保护 Nginx

首先，我们使用以下命令安装 Certbot：

sudo dnf install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

然后，为 Apache 安装 SSL 证书，如下所示：

sudo certbot --nginx -d laravel.your-domain.com

进入交互式提示并安装证书。如果安装了证书，您将看到以下祝贺消息：

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Congratulations! You have successfully enabled https://laravel.your-domain.com

You should test your configuration at:
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=laravel.your-domain.com
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/laravel.your-domain.com/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/laravel.your-domain.com/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2022-04-11. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again
   with the "certonly" option. To non-interactively renew *all* of
   your certificates, run "certbot renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

 - We were unable to subscribe you the EFF mailing list because your
   e-mail address appears to be invalid. You can try again later by
   visiting https://act.eff.org.